Eating Disorders Essay - 2396 Words

Look in the mirror. Do you like what you see? Most of us have come to appreciate ourselves for who we are. While other’s struggle to achieve the perfect body. They strive to be what is depicted in fashion magazines and movies. The never ending obsession to be the perfect size zero. This inevitably can lead to eating disorders. Eating disorders can cause someone to have an unhealthy image of themselves and food is the enemy. In a national survey at the Mclean Hospital in Massachusetts it was estimated that over 9 million people suffer with eating disorders. They can struggle with anorexia, bulimia or binge eating. A study conducted by the National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders states that most of these†¦show more content†¦People with anorexia may also suffer with dry skin, thinning hair or hair loss, brittle nails, cold or swollen hands and feet, bloated or upset stomach, fine hair growing all over the body and on the face, low blood pressur e, poor circulation, fatigue, abnormal heart rhythms, and osteoporosis. Anorexia slows and prevents growth and stops pubertal development. Suffering from anorexia before the age of twelve is not very common. A girl before the pubertal stage suffering with the disease will not go through puberty. She will physically remain in the body of a child. She will not develop hips, breasts, or buttocks. Her hormones will also remain as those of a child and will have no sexual interest. Fortunately physical development and normal body shape will return upon recovery. There are also behavioral characteristics associated with anorexia to watch for, like having an obsession with food, refusing to eat, forgetting or difficulty in remembering things, obsessive-compulsive behavior, low-self-esteem, loneliness, social isolation, withdrawn behavior, self-hatred, and depression (www.umm.edu/Anorexia nervosa). People who suffer with anorexia may start to skip meals. They will eat very little and start t o make excuses not to eat. An anorexic will often refuse to eat in public and hide her eating habits from others. She will often plan and prepare huge meals for others but not eat any of the food. At times they will take a plate of food withShow MoreRelatedEating Disorders : Eating Disorder1205 Words   |  5 PagesEating Disorders in Today’s World Eating disorders are alive and well in today’s world and they are a major problem. An eating disorder can look like a few different things, ranging from a severe reduction of food intake to over eating to feelings of negativity towards your body shape or weight (Lehigh University). While some disorders can only be found in specific age groups, races, etc., eating disorders can be found amongst all and it does not necessarily have to be pointed towards food (LehighRead MoreEating Disorders : An Eating Disorder1184 Words   |  5 Pagesas an eating disorder. Weir (2016) goes on to explain the origins behind eating disorders in individuals. This topic is important because, in the United States, many women and men suffer from a clinically significant eating disorder at some point in their life. It is important to know the influences that cause an individual to experience an eating disorder. Genetically, or environmentally, or both genetically and environmentally. Anorexia ner vosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder are eatingRead MoreEating Disorders And Eating Disorder1573 Words   |  7 Pagesaffects people called an â€Å"eating disorder.† Why did you choose this topic? I chose this topic because it is a very prevalent issue in our society today, and a close friend of mine is suffering from an eating disorder. What question(s) did you want to answer or what was your hypothesis regarding this topic? As mammals, there is no chance of escaping the need to consume food in everyday life. However, when it comes to food there can be a major concern of eating too much or eating too little. Doing eitherRead MoreEating Disorders And Eating Disorder1104 Words   |  5 PagesEating disorder is a serious problem happens in both men and women. Eating disorder is a sort of disease in which a person is having a strange routine of eating like consuming a huge amount of food each time they eat. This can incorporate not eating enough nourishment or indulging. Eating disorder influence many people around the world. The larger part of peoples who are dealing with this issue are ladies. A person with eating disorder issue may focus nonsensically on their weight and shape. EatingRead MoreEating Disorders And Eating Disorder1410 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"An eating disorder is about anxiety and control and healing from trauma and food and weight are just the tools of destruction† (Floyd, Mim ms, Yelding, 2008). An eating disorder is defined as a severe disturbance in eating behavior. An eating disorder, as defined by our text book for class, is psychological disturbances that lead to certain physiological changes and serious health complications. The three most common and most easily identifiable forms of eating disorders include anorexia nervosaRead MoreEating Disorders : Eating Disorder966 Words   |  4 PagesEating Disorders Many people, both women and men of all ages, suffer from the psychological disorder, eating. Up to thirty million people in the world suffer from some kind of an eating disorder. There a two types of eating disorders, anorexia and bulimia, and have several methods of treatment. What is an eating disorder, and what do they cause? Eating disorders are maladaptive and very serious interruptions in eating. They can come in the form of overeating, or not eating enough, they are oftenRead MoreEating Disorders : Eating Disorder1031 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The eating disorder is a very jealous and abusive partner. It requires a lot of devotion in the extent that you have to devote yourself to tending to the anorexia. There s not a lot of time left over for adult life,† was stated by Dr. Doug Bunnell, a specialist in eating disorders. Eating disorders effect a variety of people. Age, race, and gender aren’t role playing keys in eating disorders. Not everyone gets an eating disorder, but if they do then, it will more than likely destroy their livesRead MoreEating Disorders And Eating Disorder1496 Words   |  6 PagesAn eating disorder is an illness that causes serious disturbances to your everyday diet, such as eating extremely small amounts of f ood or severely overeating. A person with an eating disorder may have started out just eating smaller or larger amount of food, but as some point, the urge to eat less or more has gotten out of control. Severe distress or concern about body weight or shape may also signal an eating disorder. Common eating disorders include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and a binge-eatingRead MoreEating Disorders : An Eating Disorder1906 Words   |  8 Pagesobtain their body goal, thus causing an eating disorder. An eating disorder is a psychological condition that is characterized by abnormal or disturbed eating habits. There are three types of eating disorders; which are Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Binge Eating.These disorders affect all aspects of a person’s life, including their psychological, emotional, and physical health. There are many factors that contribute to individuals developing eating disorders including: genetics, family pressuresRead MoreEating Disorders : Ea ting Disorder1235 Words   |  5 PagesEating Disorders Eating disorders are a very serious psychological condition that affects your mind so that you are more focused on your food and weight than you are on everything else. The most known and most commonly diagnosed eating disorders are anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating disorder; however, these are not the only eating disorders. Eating disorders cause psychical and psychological problems, which at their worst can even become life threating. Statistics show that more women are affected

Monetary policy Free Essays

However, share of total employment is still low due to the fact that numbers of Australians work in the services sector. The rate of unemployment rate was also misleading due to the assumption of that paid work of one hour a week means the persons is classified as â€Å"employed† (Henry Thornton, 2013 ). Employment in manufacturing has been declining dramatically (Appendix 10) and the total number of manufacturing Job losses under the Rued and Gaillardia Governments to 143,300. We will write a custom essay sample on Monetary policy or any similar topic only for you Order Now (Sophie Memorable, 2012) Besides, the high exchange rate of Australia due to mining boom make the export sees competitive and make it costly for foreign company to purchase. The industry other than mining such as manufacturing, tourism and overseas enrolment in Australia has experienced significantly reduced in export income. There’s an analysis from the Australia Institute that state out the country’s farmers have lost $43. 5 billion in export income since the mining boom pushed the Australian dollar to historic highs, suffering a 41 per cent drop in export earnings since the boom began (The Australian Institute, 2013). The manufacturing index slumped 6. 9 points 40. 3, the stakes reading since June 2009 and fifth drop in six months (SMS, 2012). A depreciation of ADD is likely to put upward pressure on the rate of inflation. A lower dollar increases the price paid on imports, leading to an increase in imported inflation. The mining boom which is cooling has contributed to the depreciated ADD and caused Australia in a dangerous position and struggling and expecting a recession (Henry Thornton, 2013). Implication for Monetary and Fiscal Policy The Australian Dollar has rising over decades not only because of economic boom, but also thank to the effort of Australian government on monetary policy. During Global Financial Crisis, many countries all around the world has suffered in economic growth. However, Australia has done pretty well and has indirectly contribute to the rising of ADD. This is due to ARAB significantly increased of Aggregate Exchange Settlement (SE) balances to a peak of $1 Billion, which usually runs at $1 billion. As the economy enters a â€Å"Systemic Liquidity Stage,† the central banks become the â€Å"lender of last resort† (LOUR), this provided banks liquidity to support themselves in a period of tough financial condition (Varian Chafer, 2009). Over the course of the cuisines cycle, the ARAB continually tighten and loosen monetary policy in order to prevent inflation spilling over it’s 2-3% average target range. (Appendix 11). The inflation target is the main guide for monetary policy decisions, and achieving that goal takes priority over other goals. The reason why Australia government want to keep inflation rate low is to stabilize the real income, drive up the economy and enhance country’s competitiveness (RUG Barron, 2013). In terms of fiscal policy, government under Gaillardia has failed to perform it well. Competitiveness of Australia’s on-mining sectors has slumping due to high company income tax (30%) as compared to other Asian competitor, for example, Singapore (15%) and government did not spent money wisely on infrastructure which would attract investor. In my own opinion, Australians new government under Tony Abbott should cut down the taxes from income. The action mentioned earlier can boost up the amount of the participation of labor force in Australia. When the worker knows that they are going to have a great earning on their real income, more of them are willing to come out to work in different industry. Appendix 12 shows increased in labor supply (supply rev moves to right) when there’s tax cut. This is following by the increase in Real Gross Domestic Product. When more labor is involve in an industry, more output is produced and leads to increase in GAP Appendix 13. Besides, government should spend more on infrastructure, introducing new technology facilitating investment to attract the investor from foreign country to invest in Australia to increase Aggregate supply and contributes to higher GAP. Appendix 2 Appendix 3 Appendix 4 Appendix 5 Appendix 6 Appendix 7 Appendix 8 Appendix 9 Appendix 10 Appendix 1 Appendix 12 Appendix 13 How to cite Monetary policy, Papers Monetary Policy Free Essays Federal Reserve Board is steadily increasing the interest rates in recent years due to the sharp rise in inflation. In other words, inflation is the main important factor that forced to raise interest rates. It has been noticed first time in 2001, that Federal Reserve has made unprecedented increase in interest rates. We will write a custom essay sample on Monetary Policy or any similar topic only for you Order Now The main objective of Fed to cut interest rates is to control or restrict the flow of money in the economy and indirectly to control spending by the peoples. The change in the interest rates by the Fed for the constant years is able to achieve its objective to some extent. However, some economist’s states that Fed should not increase interest rates as it creates moral hazard and encourages taking greater risk, borrowing more and saving less. Therefore, the Central Bank is always advisable to adopt more ease policy or reduce interest rates as long as inflations remain modest and must be set up in relation to deviations in both output and inflation on desired levels. The Federal Reserve goals for monetary policy are to seek price stability, maximum sustainable economic growth and moderate long-term interest rates. These are the primary focus of every monetary policy and directly affect it’s the decision of Fed. The plan is largely affected by the labor force which is determined by specified demographic factors. It is very much affected by growth of productivity, economic growth, inflation and interest rates. The Federal Board over some past years has been constantly raising interest rates, but in recent months it is trying to edge down interest rates since the summer 2006 and also deciding to keep the inflation low ahead. In the recent Fed meeting, it is concentrated upon to change the basic picture of the economy with help of increasing exports and demand of products in world market. To increase the output at a high speed, to expand jobs and incomes at fast pace and to reduce the underlying stock and to strengthen future economic growth. To gain the confidence of more and more investors by providing effective market conditions, high quality loans at flexible rates. The Fed is also planning to support and promote sustainable growth and price stability and to ease policy to offset the effect of tighter credit conditions and to encourage moderate economic growth over time. REFERENCE Referred to sites:- Invention, Productivity, and the Economy Speech by Federal Reserve Vice Chairman Donald L. Kohn at the Greater  Ã‚  Ã‚   Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce 207th Annual Meeting, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Dated 11th October 2007    How to cite Monetary Policy, Essay examples

Marketing Plan Of HSBC Credit Cards - Mission And Objectives

Question: Describe about the Marketing Plan for HSBC Credit Cards in Australia? Answer: Executive Summary There was a time when marketing was considered as a secondary function in an organization. With globalization, organizations have expanded in far of places and with this organizations have realized the importance of marketing. Today, marketing is considered as a critical organization function. The nature of marketing has also changed in recent times. There was a time when focus was more on the transactional marketing. With advancements in tools and technologies the focus of marketers has shifted to relationship marketing. The need of marketing is felt by organizations in different industry verticals. With globalization and internationalization and spread of technology there has been an exponential growth and expansion in financial industry. In recent times, credit card has emerged as a crucial financial product. The competition has been all time high in credit card industry. Therefore it is important that credit card firms should also realize the importance of marketing. The report has been developed as the marketing plan for HSBC Credit Cards in Australia. The report identifies the marketing mix of credit cards and based on the analysis it can be said that the Product element is the key. The report identifies that one of the most important role of marketers is to bridge the gap between customers expectations and management perception of customers expectations. Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning is the basis of any marketing plan. The report highlights the important segments for Australian market that should be targeted by the company. As a part of this marketing plan certain marketing objectives are also set and the budget for the marketing plan is also developed. This marketing plan would be useful for HSBC to take their decision about Australian market and this would also help the company to develop their marketing strategy in Australia. Introduction HSBC Credit cards are the part of HSBC Finance Corporation. HSBC Credit cards operate in global market and it has its presence in different parts of the world. It has good presence in markets of Australia, USA and also in emerging economies like India. In this era of globalization, competition is very high in financial industry also. Credit cards are important financial products that have made life easy for number of customers. Companies may not be willing to offer credit card to all the people due to risks involved. Therefore marketing of credit card is a difficult task in itself (Towill, 2009). The marketing plan of any credit card company has to focus on effective segmentation and targeting. It is also important that the marketing plan of companies like HSBC Credit Card should have effective communication channel. The cost of shifting from one vendor to another should not be high and the marketing strategies of Credit Card should detail down the unique things of the card. It can b e said that it is difficult to attain a level of differentiation because all the credit cards companies offers good benefit to customers. Therefore marketing plan has to be lucrative that can attract customers. Product attributes are definitely important features of HSBC Credit card. However, the role of marketing cannot be denied. Even it can be said that the marketing plan of HSBC Credit card should also involve a level of personal selling. A lot could also depend on the way customers are getting enrolled in the program. The objective of this paper is to develop the marketing plan for HSBC credit card, Australia. The marketing plan would focus on all the attributes of marketing, market development and customer relationship marketing. The objective of this marketing plan would be to ensure that HSBC Credit cards could be positioned successful in Australian market. Vision, Mission and Objective For any organization, it is important to have a mission, vision and objective in place. It is important that the marketing plan of HSBC Credit cards should be in line with the vision and mission of the company. The vision, mission and objective for HSBC Credit cards can be discussed as: Vision To help customers to buy their dreams It is a small but meaningful vision statement. The vision is to help customers so that customers can get more purchasing power. Mission To emerge as the best credit card company in Australia with respect to volume of customers The mission statement of HSBC Credit cards is to ensure that it can emerge as a market leader in Australian market. Objectives The specific objectives of HSBC Credit cards can be listed as: To have maximum penetration in the Australian market with respect to competitors. To capture at least 40% of Australian credit card customer base in next 3 years. To focus on default rate. The policies and strategies should ensure that default rate is minimal. The customer satisfaction should be high. The support service should be available 24X7 and customers should be able to interact with customer care executives and get their queries solved. Macro environment Macroeconomic factors are those factors that relate specifically to the broader or wider economy at a regional level or a national level. Such factors affect a much larger population as opposed to a small number. For any credit card company, it is important to have an understanding of the macro economic factors (Lee, 2009). The macro economic factors would include the market conditions of Australia, industry analysis of Australia etc. The macro environment analysis and the market dynamics of Australia can be discussed as: Economic Growth Economic growth is a very important macroeconomic factor that can be used as an indicator by HSBC Credit card to analyse the way economy is moving in Australia. It can be said that Australia in undergoing a decent economic growth and this economic growth should facilitate the penetration of credit card companies. Economic activity is not constant and can change rapidly, thereby affecting the business. Therefore, HSBC has to continuously watch the economic activities in Australia. The economic activities in Australia suffered a setback in 2008 due to global recession. However, Australia is still less risky market as compared to American market. It is expected that credit card business should be a good business in Australia and HSBC should be able to realize good benefits it can get hold of economic factors. Inflation The disposable income of customers is directly linked to inflation rate in the country. Customers may not be willing to spend much using credit cards if the rate of inflation is high. The current inflation rate in Australia is under control. The inflation stands around 2%. People would not feel much challenges if the rate of inflation remains controlled. The inflation rate of Australia was not good in the period of 2008 to 2010 (Martin, 2010). However, the conditions have improved now and with the current inflation rate of 2%, HSBC should not have much of the problem to expand their credit card operations in Australia. The inflation trend of last 10 years in Australia can be shown as: Interest Rates Interest rates also determine the disposable income of customers. Customers may not be able to invest much when the interest rates are high (Sarkis, 2005). The government of Australia has focused to balance on the saving and lending rates so that customers can spend and to saving also. The interest rates factors in Australia are also a good factor for HSBC to expand its credit card business in Australia. Employment The credit card companies have good chance of survival when the employment rate is high. It is one of the reasons that credit card companies have good amount of business operations in developed countries as compared to their operations in developing countries. As per the figure of 2014, the unemployment rate in Australia is only 6.1%. It is a good unemployment rate and it means that there are huge prospects for HSBC Credit card in Australian market. Target market description Segmentation and Targeting is the most important thing in any marketing plan. It is important that the product should be targeted to segmented market effectively. Typically, the targeted market could be selected based on age, gender, income or any other parameter. In this case of credit card, the target market should be selected primarily on the basis of income (Scherhorn, 2010). The disposable income of the customers should be the prime criteria for credit card. The target market for HSBC Credit card would be people in the age group of 20 to 60 years, who are earning. It would include both single and married people. One of the prime objectives to select the target market would be to target the earning people so that the risk of bad debt could be minimized. It would include the business people and the service people. It is important that HSBC should do the background check of all the customers before providing any credit card. The target market of HSBC credit card should also involve the spouses of earning people. To avoid the risks, HSBC should not provide credit cards to the people who are not earning as one of the important considerations for credit card companies is bad debt. The target market selection would not be an easy strategy for HSBC credit cards division and the company should perform effective internal and external analysis before deciding upon the target market. One of the important things for HSBC would be to identify the needs of customers. The target market for HSBC Credit card group in Australia would be a group that uses credit cards for shopping and other purposes. The target market penetration for HSBC would also depend on the market development. It can be said that Australian market is a matured market with respect to credit cards and people in Australia prefers plastic money to perform shopping (Aksoy, 2008). It is also important to mention that the product (credit card) is already an established product in Australian market. The competition is already high in this industry. It is important that HSBC would have to focus on its target market in an intelligent way. To approach the target market, HSBC should perform external market analysis. Porter 5 forces analysis and PESTEL analysis would be a god tool for HSBC. In fact the features of the product (Credit Card) would also depend on the way target market can be identified. The segmentation, targeting and positioning for HSBC Credit card business in Australia shoul d be based on industry analysis and the analysis of competitors. It would be good if HSBC can study the marketing strategy of top three firms in Australian market. Also, HSBC can also analyze the segments of top 3 competitors. It would help HSBC to realize the segments that are being widely targeted by credit card companies. Marketing segment table The marketing segment table for HSBC Credit card would help to realize the characteristics of different segments of HSBC credit cards in Australia. It can be shown as: Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3 Segment 4 Geographies Urban population= 100%, Rural population= 0% Urban population= 100%, Rural population= 0% Urban population= 100%, Rural population= 0% Urban population= 100%, Rural population= 0% Demographics Age group of 20 to 55 years Female married women with age group of 20 to 55 years Business man/ women who have taken self-retirement or are retired with age group of 40 to 70 years Senior citizens with age group of 55 to 75 years Socioeconomics Earning member of the family with annual income of individual more than AUD 20,000 Earning/ Non-earning member of the family with the annual income of family more than AUD 25,000 Non-earning member with the savings of more than AUD 200000. Earning/ Non-earning Australian citizens on Pension plan or some tangible assets Psychographics High earning individuals High earning family High earning individuals Senior citizens Behavior Easiness Necessity Luxury Ease of use Benefits Convenience Convenience, Flexibility Convenience, Flexibility Convenience Competitive analysis As discussed above, the competition is really high in financial and credit card industry. There are lots of players that operate in Australian market. One of the objectives for HSBC would be to come up with features so that the products of HSBC could be rated better than the products of competitors (Majumdar, 2010). The competitor information would help HSBC to develop its expansion strategy in Australian market. The competitive audit chart for HSBC Credit card can be discussed as: Competitive Audit Chart Core Products Facilitating Products Strengths Weakness Value Existing competitors ANZ Low interest rate credit card Lowest annual fee ($58) among all the cards Interest rate of only 13.49% p.a. Cash advance rate is very high Value for customers who do not want to pay much interest and are money cautious Westpac Low interest rate credit card Low annual fee ($59) and Establish brand in Australian market Cash advance rate is very high It is get this card. The value for customers is ease of use New competitors Amex Credit card with high limit Large acceptancy among merchandise Establish brand in Global market This card is expensive to use, annual fee is also high Brand value of the product is the value delivered to customers Citi Credit card with good rewards points Cash back offers are very good and attractive Large network of Citi Bank Limited cash withdrawal limit every month Value for money is the positioning from Citi, that is the customer value SWOT analysis SWOT analysis is a simple yet powerful tool for HSBC to develop strategies in Australian market. SWOT analysis would help HSBC to have an understanding of internal capabilities and have understanding of external factors. Strengths Established brand in international market Large company that can scale up quickly Got the ways to make initial investment Weaknesses Large company so it has inflexibility Lot of rules driven and hierarchy driven Threats Uncertain market dynamics in credit card and financial industry Opportunities Large Australian market Increasing demand of credit cards Marketing Objectives It is very important for organizations to have marketing objective in place. Developing the marketing plan without marketing objectives is like driving the car without control in place. The three most important marketing objectives for HSBC Credit Card in Australia can be discussed as: M1: To get the 10% market share by the end of year 1 and to increase this market share to 25% by the end of year 3. M2: To focus on penetration in initial 1 year. It would mean to develop attractive plans for customers. The growth rate should be 20% in initial 5 quarters M3: The focus would not be in profit level in the first year. After first year, company should have a profit growth of minimum 12% Marketing Strategy Typically any marketing strategy would be based on 4Ps of marketing. These 4Ps would include Product, Price, Place and Promotion. It is a combination of these elements that would decide the overall marketing strategy. The marketing element mix for HSBC Credit cards in Australia can be discussed as: Product It can be said that product is the most important element of the marketing mix. The Australian customers would eventually buy the credit cards if they get the value for money. It is important that the company should develop the product based on the product of competitor (Evans, 2012). This strategy is known as outside-in approach of strategic management. This approach is recommended, because market is already matured. Price The price of the product could be the game changer in credit card industry. The competition is high in the market and therefore HSBC have to act as price taker rather than price maker. It is recommended that pricing of HSBC credit cards should be based on the pricing of competitors (Cooper, 2007). Place It is very important that users should be able to get hold of the credit cards. The end customers may not be willing to spend a lot of time in search of credit cards (Croxson, 2006). HSBC must have the option wherein the representatives of the company would visit customers to deliver the credit card. Promotion The importance of promotional element of marketing mix cannot be denied in this globalized world where competition is high. It is important that HSBC should involve itself in high level of promotion on social networking websites. Marketing mix strategy implementation chart April (M1) May (M2) June (M3) July (M4) August (M5) Product Focus on product features (core product) vis-a-vis features of competitors product The focus would be to increase penetration across Australia The focus would be to increase penetration across Australia The focus would be to increase penetration across Australia The focus would be to increase penetration across Australia The focus would be to increase penetration across Australia Focus on additional features and augmented product The focus would be to provide additional and better features that product of competitors The focus would be to provide additional and better features that product of competitors The focus would be to provide additional and better features that product of competitors The focus would be to provide additional and better features that product of competitors The focus would be to provide additional and better features that product of competitors Price Keep pricing low Keep the prices 10% low than the prices of competitors Keep the prices 10% low than the prices of competitors Keep the prices 10% low than the prices of competitors Keep the prices 5% low than the prices of competitors Keep the prices 5% low than the prices of competitors Provide initial discounts Provide joining benefits and annual discounts Provide joining benefits and annual discounts Provide joining benefits and annual discounts Provide joining benefits Provide joining benefits Place Sell online Customers should be provided discounts for online purchasing Customers should be provided discounts for online purchasing Customers should be provided discounts for online purchasing Customers should be provided discounts for online purchasing Customers should be provided discounts for online purchasing Door to Door delivery No additional charge for free home delivery No additional charge for free home delivery No additional charge for free home delivery No additional charge for free home delivery No additional charge for free home delivery Promotion Promotion on social media Focus on FB page and Twitter Focus on FB page and Twitter Focus on FB page and Twitter Focus on FB page and Twitter Focus on FB page and Twitter Promotion through personal selling Hire effective salesmen that can attract customers Hire effective salesmen that can attract customers Personal selling through discounts Personal selling through discounts Personal selling through discounts Evaluation of marketing mix strategy The marketing strategies of HSBC are in line with the marketing objective of firms. It is very important for management of HSBC to keep a track on marketing objectives by evaluating them. The marketing mix evaluation chart can be discussed as: Marketing mix evaluation chart How 1st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter Who Product Focus on core product features vis-a-vis features of competitors product Comparing the number of features of HSBC Credit card with the features of competitors Would be evaluated in first quarter itself Senior management and external consultants Focus on additional features and augmented product Some of the features should be unique to HSBC company Would be evaluated in second quarter Price Keep pricing low Compare the prices of all the credit card companies Would be evaluated in first quarter itself Management of the company Provide initial discounts Track the discount level for each of the customer Would be evaluated in second quarter itself Place Sell online Ratio of online selling to total sales made Continuous measurement Continuous measurement Continuous measurement Sales department Door to Door delivery Ratio of direct selling to total sales made Continuous measurement Continuous measurement Continuous measurement Promotion Promotion on social media Track the customers converted through social media Continuous measurement Continuous measurement Continuous measurement Sales department Promotion through personal selling Track the customers converted through personal selling Continuous measurement Continuous measurement Continuous measurement Budget The marketing budget should be high in the first year because a lot of investment would have to be made from the side of HSBC. Monday Start Date HSBC Sales Support HSBC Public Relations Interactive / Market Development HSBC Advertising HSBC Research Totals by Month, Quarter Year-to-Date Week of Proj Actual Proj Actual Proj Actual Proj Actual Proj Actual Proj Apr 7 2,000 1,500 1,500 2,000 3,000 10,000 Apr 14 2,000 1,500 1,500 2,000 2,000 9,000 Apr 21 2,500 2,000 1,500 3,000 2,000 11,000 Apr 28 2,500 2,000 1,500 3,000 2,000 11,000 Apr Total $9,000 $0 $3,000 $0 $6,000 $10 $10,000 $0 $9,000 $0 37,000 May 5 2,500 2,500 1,500 3,000 2,000 11,500 May 12 2,500 2,500 1,500 3,000 2,000 11,500 May 19 3,000 2,500 1,500 3,000 2,000 12,000 May 26 3,000 2,500 1,500 3,000 2,000 12,000 May Total $11,000 $0 $10,000 $0 $6,000 $0 $12,000 $0 $8,000 $0 $47,000 Jun 2 3,000 2,000 1,500 3,000 1,500 $11,000 Jun 9 3,000 2,000 1,500 3,000 1,500 $11,000 Jun 16 3,000 2,000 1,500 3,000 1,500 $11,000 Jun 23 3,000 2,000 1,500 3,000 1,500 $11,000 Jun 30 3,000 2,000 1,500 3,000 1,500 $11,000 Jun Total $15,000 $0 $10,000 $0 $7,500 $0 $15,000 $0 $7,500 $0 $55,000 Total Q1 $35,000 $0 $23,000 $0 $19,500 $10 $37,000 $0 $24,500 $0 $139,000 Jul 7 3,000 2,000 1,500 2,500 2,500 $11,500 Jul 14 3,000 2,000 1,500 2,500 2,500 $11,500 Jul 21 3,000 2,000 1,500 2,500 2,500 $11,500 Jul 28 3,000 2,000 1,500 2,500 2,500 $11,500 July Total $12,000 $0 $8,000 $0 $6,000 $0 $10,000 $0 $10,000 $0 $46,000 Aug 4 2,000 2,000 1,500 1,500 1,500 $8,500 Aug 11 2,000 2,000 1,500 1,500 1,500 $8,500 Aug 18 2,000 2,000 1,500 1,500 1,500 $8,500 Aug 25 2,000 2,000 1,500 1,500 1,500 $8,500 Aug Total $8,000 $0 $8,000 $0 $6,000 $0 $6,000 $0 $6,000 $0 $34,000 Sep 1 2,000 2,000 1,500 1,500 1,500 $8,500 Sep 8 2,000 2,000 1,500 1,500 1,500 $8,500 Sep 15 2,000 2,000 1,500 1,500 1,500 $8,500 Sep 22 2,000 2,000 1,500 1,500 1,500 $8,500 Sep 29 2,000 2,000 1,500 1,500 1,500 $8,500 Total $55,000 $0 $39,000 $0 $31,500 $10 $53,000 $0 $40,500 $623,500 Controls and Monitoring An important part of any marketing plan is the control and monitoring plan. It is important that management should be able to exercise effective control mechanisms in order to ensure that marketing strategies remains on track. The control and monitoring of the marketing objectives should be the collective responsibility of all the stakeholders. The control and monitoring should start from the top management and would go to lower level employees. An effective control and monitoring plan would ensure that all the processes are standardize in the organization. Conclusion The above marketing plan discusses the marketing objective of HSBC Credit Cards in Australia. Based on the analysis, it can be said that Australian market is a developed market and the market has lot of potential for credit card companies to establish and grow. The credit card market in Australia is already a competitive market but the market is far from saturated. Therefore, there exists opportunity for new companies to come and establish their base in the market. HSBC is an international brand and it has been able to establish good brand reputation. It is expected that HSBC would be able to develop upon its product (credit card). The marketing strategy or marketing objectives of HSBC would be in line with the market dynamics and industry analysis. In first couple of years, the objective of HSBC would be to improve its penetration into Australian market. The initial time would be period where the firm should focus to increase the user base. Once the user base is established, HSBC should focus on extracting profit. Financial sector and credit card industry is a risky industry and therefore HSBC should adopt a balance approach of expansion. The marketing plan would eventually help HSBC to make its product known in the market. The marketing plan would require initial investment but marketing strategy and integrated marketing plan would be a good way for HSBC to reach out to its customers. It is recommended that HSBC should for long term benefits that could be realized with credit card business in Australian market. References Atilgan, E., Akinci, S., Aksoy, P. (2008). Measuring and mapping customers expectations and perceptions for airlines: the Sunexpress case with the gaps model.Journal of Global Strategic Management,3, 68-78. Christopher, M., Towill, D. R. (2009). Supply chain migration from lean and functional to agile and customised.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,5(4), 206-213. Lee, H. L. (2009). Aligning Supply Chain Strategies with Product Uncertainties.California management review,44(3). Evans, D. (2012).Social media marketing: An hour a day. Wiley. com.Von Bergen, C.W., T. Hiebing, R. G., Cooper, S. W. (2007).How to write a successful marketing plan. NTC Business Books. Hervani, A. A., Helms, M. M., Sarkis, J. (2005). Performance measurement for green supply chain management.Benchmarking: An International Journal,12(4), 330-353. Kloot, L., Martin, J. (2010). Strategic performance management: A balanced approach to performance management issues in local government.Management Accounting Research,11(2), 231-251. Kotler, P. (2011). Reinventing marketing to manage the environmental imperative.Journal of Marketing,75(4), 132-135. Pickton, D., Broderick, A. (2001).Integrated marketing communications. Harlow: Prentice Hall. Krishnan, R. T., Jha, S. K. (2011). Innovation strategies in emerging markets: what can we learn from Indian market leaders.ASCI Journal of Management,41(1), 21-45. Majumdar, R. (2010).Consumer behaviour: Insights from Indian market. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Padma, T. V. (2011). Action urged on foreign takeovers of Indian drugmakers.Nature Medicine,17(2), 141. Scherhorn, G. (2010). The addictive trait in buying behaviour.Journal of Consumer Policy,13(1), 33-51. Selladurai, R. S. (2004). Mass customization in operations management: oxymoron or reality?.Omega,32(4), 295-300. Vonderheid, S. C., Carrie, S. K., Norr, K. F., Grady, M. A., Westdahl, C. M. (2013). Using Focus Groups and Social Marketing to Strengthen Promotion of Group Prenatal Care.Advances in Nursing Science,36(4), 320-335. Mawer, William., (2005). The U.S. FairPay Overtime Initiative. Managerial Law, Vol. 47 Iss: 3/4, pp.219 231 Wilson, D., Croxson, B., Atkinson, A. (2006). What Gets Measured Gets Done Headteachers responses to the English Secondary School Performance Management System 1 According to Belh (2003, p. 599),what gets measured done is perhaps the most famous aphorism of performance measurement.Policy Studies,27(2), 153-171.

The Slave Trade free essay sample

This is a way of thought that we are taught as soon as we are deemed old enough to understand it. Slavery is an idea that is almost as old as the human race and, considering that, we have only moved away from it recently. It took the cruelty and mistreatment of more than 10 million Africans to finally make people realize that what they were doing was terrible, and that human beings should be treated with a certain level of respect and kindness. Right when Slavery was becoming a controversial practice there were two men who wrote regarding the matter: Omaha GuardBasque, who experienced slavery first-hand, and Robert Walsh, who dealt with slavery from the side Of opposition. Both Of their accounts paint a terrible picture of the slave trade, the focus of both being on the inhumane treatment of the enslaved. Basque was captured and experienced slavery first hand, so his account shows how deplorable the slave trade was. We will write a custom essay sample on The Slave Trade or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Basque tells of his journey from his home to the coast of Africa which, though eventful and unpleasant, is nothing compared to the sea voyage.It was during the voyage that the real horror of the slave trade was brought to life, both physically and mentally: Pity the poor African, who has been trepanned and sold away from friends and home, and consigned to the hold of a slave ship, to await even more horrors and miseries in a distant land.. . Babushkas words really tell of the sorrow that slaves felt, being ripped away from their home and destined to a strange land full of people who will treat them as objects to be bartered for, traded, and eventually discarded.The conditions aboard such slave ships were abysmal. The slaves were treated worse than livestock: being crammed into incredibly tight spaces, given very little water, and were only allowed to lean themselves twice over the course of the entire journey. The hold was so low that we could not stand up the loathsomeness and filth of that horrible place will never be effaced from my memory we suffered very much for want of water As the slaves made their way to the Americas they are denied food, water, and rest, turning the trip into what could be described as a living hell.Babushkas biography shows that the mistreatment of the slaves is what he believed to be the worst part of the slave trade. Robert Walsh was stationed on a ship that was hunting for slave ships, and hen they capture one he describes the conditions they found to be awful. Once onboard, Walsh notices immediately that the slaves are being treated poorly and, as with Basque, of an equal or worse quality than livestock: As they belonged to, and were shipped on account of different individuals, they were all branded, like sheep, with the owners marks The slaves that Walsh finds are branded, another indicator that they are only property, and not considered to be anything more. If anything, the conditions in the ship that Walsh boarded appear to be worse than that of the ship Basque was rapped in: some were greatly emaciated, and some, particularly children, seemed dying packed up and wedged together in low cells, three feet high shut out from light or air Even at its best, the slave mortality rate during their journey was only a little under 1 0%, this being due to mistreatment and the terrible conditions in which they were forces to reside.It is obvious that both Basque and Walsh noticed and were appalled by the neglect of basic human rights for the slaves. In both accounts, the focus points towards the terrible treatment of the Africans. Basque and Walsh can both agree that the slave trades worst specs is how the slaves are mistreated, often to death. With clear looks into slavery such is these circulating during that point in time, its no surprise that the slave trade was soon outlawed.

Managing Resources and Information

Managing Resources and Information Introduction Basically, it is vital for an organization to not only manage its resources but also manage its information. For instance, management of resources is an element that is vital in human resource project management and estimation of resources. As Project Management Institute puts it, â€Å"resource management refers to organizational deployment of resources in a manner that is effective, especially when the corporate needs them,† (5).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Resources and Information specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These HR resources encompass: information-technology; fiscal resources; hi-tech expertise; manufacturing resources and catalogue. Similarly, managing information correlates with Data Management practice. This is because the following are entailed in it: obtaining information; retrieving information; and maintaining information. Information management is simply the process of collecting and managing information from its source and then distributing it to the preferred audiences (Mackenzie 7). Managing of information and/or resources is an essential aspect in employee recruitment process. This paper will elucidate the employee recruitment process. In doing so, it will look at the following: how the candidates can be found (i.e. through advertising, word-of-moth, staff rearrangement,); the outlay of employee recruitment, as well as how it can be demonstrated that unsurpassed-practices have been employed; and how the employment of staff will be handled (e.g. legislation, manual procedures, interview, etc.). Moreover, this paper will scrutinize the resources that are required to run the staff recruitment programme, whereby it will also look at the costs, demonstrate the best practices that have been employed and depict how these resources will be obtained. In view of the fact that the staff members will require job-description that fits with organization ’s staff and complies with the legislation, the paper will consider the following: discrimination; CRB clearance; safety; and health. Moreover, this paper will scrutinize the manner of evaluating the project. In so doing, it will examine the project merits/objectives and how it can be identified that these objectives/benefits have been fulfilled. Finally, the paper will look at the following: the policies that will be employed and how they will be selected or set-up; the criteria for Chester city; and elucidate how the operational assurance principles can be applied. The Process of Recruiting Staff The rudimentary steps that an organization ought to undertake while recruiting new employees during the employee recruitment process are depicted below:Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Preparation of a timetable A better way of doing this is for the organization t o work backwards, that is, from the time it will need the new individual to begin working. As a matter of fact, it is imperative for the organization to go astray on the caution side and guarantee that the times that are being allocated are pragmatic. This is due to the fact that it is good to have much time other than little time in the planning process. The applicant’s pack should then be put together The following items are usually encompassed in the applicant’s pack: job description, which delineates the responsibilities and duties of the staff to be recruited; the individual specification, which depicts the technical know-how, qualities, and expertise that the applicant should possess; an application form; a monitoring form; and copies of information that is of relevance regarding the corporate or dates of interview. Carrying out internal preparation The organization ought to undertake a number of imperative tasks before it advertise the job. These tasks may encom pass the following: selecting the panel that will carry out the interview process as well as do the short-listing; it is of necessity to train that staff with regards to the process of recruiting new members of staff; ensuring that it is capable of dealing with application pack requests prior to sending information regarding the job to be advertised; ensuring that it has a system that will be employed to short-list candidates to be interviewed; and setting up a system, so as to minimize paperwork during the staff recruitment process Advertising the job The organization ought to consider advertising from the beginning because it involves major costs during staff recruitment process. This will assist the organization to balance-out the costs while putting in mind where, and how the post will be advertised. The organization can advertise in local newspapers, e.g. The Guardian, or in specialist press, such as the Asian Times. The following information ought to be encompassed in the adve rt: sponsors; job details; the charity registration-number of the organization; how the application pack that encompasses email addresses and/or phone numbers will be hold; and fundamental information regarding the organization. Idyllically, the manner in which the job is advertised is imperative with regards to equal opportunities. Indeed, the organization should stick to practice basics that are good, like advertising in manifold places, so as to attract numerous applicants. Short-listing It is of necessity for the organization to employ a formal system while short-listing. Preferably, a corporate could employ a point scoring-system to analyze the interviewees against the decisive factor in the specification of the individual. Typically, there are two parts in the short-listing process.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Resources and Information specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Firstly, the job-applications will be scrutinized by the panel, which will in turn provide a score. And in due course, the board will convene with the aim of comparing the scores, and then picking-up the successful claimants to attend the interview. The assessment of the panel ought to be honest. It is of necessity for the interviews to be carried out on a single day and therefore, this should be put in mind while picking-up the number of successful claimants to attend the interview. Interviews Fundamentally, it is of necessity for the scoring system to be employed by the organization during the interview. Moreover, comments should be noted down by the interviewees during the interview, which will be used by the board to decide the successful claimant after the interview. In a few circumstances, claimants can be issued with a competency-based test during the interview. The interview in itself ought to: introduce panel members and elucidate what will occur during the interview; give the candidate a chance of ask ing queries to the panel; and explaining to the candidate what will take place following the interview, such as when the outcome of the interview will be communicated to them. Selection The scoring system can be used as abet to deciding the right person to be given the job. In some circumstances, it can result to undertaking a second interview. In actual fact, the organization ought to balance the reasoning for doing this against the extra costs of undertaking interviews of a second round. The moment someone is selected by an organization, he/she ought to be informed by the organization either verbally or non-verbally. This will be dependent on their adequate locations. In fact, the organization could encompass an appointment letter, organizational conditions and terms, a contract form to be signed by the successful candidates, and how the job will be handled, that is, in contract form, legislation, or manual procedures. Before they begin Prior to the new recruited staff starts work ing, the organization ought to ensure the following: that other staff members already know the successful candidate and the time he/she will be commencing; that an induction for the recruited staff has been arranged by the organization; that the training needs have also been considered by the organization; and that the organization ought to organize for the payment, tax, and nationwide insurance of the new staff member. Resources that are needed to run the Staff Recruitment Programme The organization ought to put in mind that the staff recruitment process is usually an expensive operation. The planning and selection process of the staffing is able to consume several resources and time and thereby, it ought not to be dealt with flippantly.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nevertheless, these resources are able to offer a wide-ranging notion of the recruiting process, that is, from the preparation-stage to the post-selection stage. As Kitchell asserts, this will permit somebody to work throughout this recruitment process (15). Before recruiting a new employee, other than the staff, other resources that are required are the equipments and literature. Typically, these resources are gotten from the HR office. For instance, a staff member needs to understand the job description that best fits with organizational employee’s handbook and ought to comply with the legislation. To that effect, the staff member ought to consider the following: discrimination; CRB clearance; Safety; and Health. Idyllically, an imperative resource in the staff recruitment process is the usage of pre-meeting checklist, in which the following are carried out: the job description is reviewed and updated and the fundamental functions are listed; the job’s physical requi rements that are special as well as the conditions of working are listed; the required specialized skills for the job are list; the preferred specialized skills for the job are listed; and the search committee is decided. In addition, another imperative resource, which is of use during the employee recruitment process, is the staffing packet, together with other rudimentary equipments, like: the interview queries; the supplemental questionnaire; and the criterion for screening, which are made by the Employment-Representative. Principally, the tasks that are performed by an Employment-Representative encompass: describing the advertising strategies and the manner in which they are able to attract claimants; recommending supplemental questionnaire, as well as working examples encompassed in the application; and explicating staffing options (Chmelir 396). Ideally, the majority of organizational departments prefer adding supplemental questionnaires to the application packages of the corp orate. Applicants are asked by these kinds of questionnaires to answer fastidious queries with regards to their qualification, and thereby, making it easier for the board members to the select of those applications, especially to those qualifications that are not standard, or those ones that are dedicated. Supremely, general information will be given by those applying for the advertised job in the application materials, which do not accurately address the qualification concerns. Actually, questionnaire samples for manifold kinds of positions are normally kept in Human Resource files, so as to be used when necessary. However, an organization can come up with its own questionnaire, on the basis of its screening criteria, or it may follow the suggestions of the Employment Representative. Typically, the applications are screened (by the Employment-Representative), to guarantee that the forwarded claimants to the board are the ones qualified for the advertised job, encompassing any techn ological know-how that is specialized. Consequently, the entire job requests will be re-examined by the board members when requested. After the completion of the screening process, those claimants meeting those requests will be informed when to attend the interview (Berry 8). As a matter of fact, the criterion that is on the basis of the qualification as per the announcement of the job will be employed by the search committee in screening the applications. This criterion will be employed together with the screening method that is available. The committee members may decide going through manifold cuts/screenings as it so wishes, as well as employ various methods for various screening levels. For instance, while screening, the members of the committee may use a rank order to identify the topmost candidate (Hisle 713). Project Evaluation, aims, and Benefits Manifold methods can be used in project evaluation. These methods may encompass the following: financial ratio methods; vision; ca sh-flow analysis; score-index methods; arithmetical methods; check-lists analysis; matrix methods; decision and relevance trees; experienced based methods; table and multi-criteria methods; QFD; qualitative analysis; and quantitative analysis. These techniques of project evaluation have developed, so as Meet-up the requirements that are constantly changing. Idyllically, a number of these techniques of evaluating projects integrate both individual judgement and fiscal assessment. Recruiting new employees is regarded as a serious concern. This is due to the objectives/merits of undertaking such a task. The uppermost monthly expense for the majority of organizations are wage costs, but the monetary insinuations of recruiting a new staff member can be higher than expected (Lamb 3). Under employment, an employee is usually liable for holiday, maternity pay, or sickness. Likewise, the corporate is accountable for the health and/or safety of its employees. The main aim of recruiting new em ployees is the need for the organization to expand. Idyllically, the majority of organizations usually base on the assumption that their desire to expand will eventually translate into a desire for additional employees. It is imperative for an organization to regularly examine its corporate aims and check whether their staffs is adequate in the technical know-how and number, so as to assist the organization to attain their project aims. In most circumstances, recruitment is a response to the vacancy left by the exit of an existing worker. Recruiting new employees can be advantageous as it comes with recent hi-tech capability that is needed by the organization in attaining its objectives. This may either be due to its changed targets, or due to surfacing of novel systems/modus operandi that the corporate ought to be master, so as to be able to successfully compete. Nevertheless, the other aim of recruiting new employees is for the response by the organization to an escalated workload . This is usually the better option in cases whereby the situation is permanent. Finally, before recruiting new employees, the organization ought to consider how the staffing needs relates with the objectives/aims of the corporate. This is in view of the fact that the corporate might be instantaneously in need of additional support. To that effect, it is vital for the organization to plan ahead. Suppose it recruits a new employee, the organization will be eligible for a fresh subsidy that will be useful in assisting with the extra work. Therefore, these factors might be of use prior to corporate recruiting new employees: working hours per week; the work-period; and whether the employment is constant (Herrera 139). The policies that will be used in Recruiting Staff and how they will be Chosen In the Budget Verification Policy, for the positions to be advertised, the tassel and salary benefit ought to be availed on a basis that is permanent and for the whole monetary year. The adverti sement of the positions will only occur the moment the funding corroboration is completed. Also, the Recruiting Requisition Policy ought to be employed so as to commence the recruiting process. This is because it is an official document that identifies position vacancies. Supremely, the non-discrimination policy should be on the basis of providing all persons with an equal employment chance with no considerations to the following discriminative aspects: veteran status; ethnicity; marital status; colour; gender; nationwide origin; identification; or family relations to a worker in that organization. The Freelance Employment Policy will encompass working hours, which will be on the basis of the assignment and by use of own materials/workspace. In the Prohibited Position-Postings Policy, the recruiting agencies for the advertised positions will not be given any services by the career services office. Finally, the privacy policy will also be employed (Morton 12). The criteria Chester ci ty employs in recruiting staff will involve the following: pre-advertising, which is usually prior to the recruitment process; the search, which encompasses advertising; screening; interviewing; selection, which is carried out by the search committee; and post-selection, which involves giving feedback to the successful candidates. How the Operational Assurance Principles could be applied The Operational Assurance Principle could be applicable to not only the planning process but also the budgeting process. During the times of minimizing budgets, it is particularly imperative to place the process of decision making into the milieu on manifold staff support perceptions, so as to be capable of informing those who are responsible for making decisions to decide in the organizational direction (Blake 57). Conclusion The steps that are involved in the employee recruitment process include: timetable preparation; gathering the claimant’s pack; performing internal preparation; job adve rtisement; short-listing the claimants; interviewing the claimants; selecting the claimants; and post-selection. Nonetheless, the process of planning, selecting, and processing the recruitment process is capable of consuming a lot of resources and much time and thus, it is not supposed to be approached lightly. These resources are usually obtained from the HR office and they include the following: the staff; literature, pre-meeting checklist; recruitment packet; interview queries; supplemental questionnaire; and the screening criterion. Nevertheless, in order to evaluate a project, the methods/techniques that can be used are: pecuniary ratio method; hallucination; cash-flow scrutiny; score-indicator method; numerical method; check-lists scrutiny; matrix method; relevance/decision trees; knowledgeable based techniques; table/multi-criteria techniques; QFD; qualitative scrutiny; and quantitative scrutiny. Indeed, the main aim of recruiting new employees is the need for the organizatio n to expand. Besides, to recruit new workers can be of merit because it is associated with contemporary technological capability that a corporate requires in accomplishing its goals. In reality, the following policies may be useful in the recruitment of new employees: Budget Corroboration Policy; Employing Demand Policy; Non-discriminative Policy; Casual Employment Policy; Forbidden Location Postings Policy; and Seclusion Policy. Finally, the Operational Assurance Principle could be applicable to the budgeting and planning during the staff recruitment process. Berry, John. â€Å"Addressing Diversity Crisis and Recruitment.† American Libraries 31.2 (2002): 6-8. Print. Blake, Wendy. Employment Guide for the Voluntary Sector. 3rd ed. Ranken Publishers, 2003. Print. Chmelir, Lynn. â€Å"Recruiting New Staff members.† Research and College Libraries News 63.5 (2003): 394-397. Print. Herrera, Luis. Action Figures Needed. Public Libraries 42.2 (2004): 138-141. Print. Hisle, L ee. â€Å"Issues Facing Libraries.† Research and College Libraries News 62.11 (2002): 712: 715. Print. Kitchell, Kenneth. Careers for Classicists. Philological Association of America, 1999. Lamb, Vicky. Employing Staff. 10 Jul. 2010. Web. Mackenzie, Kenneth. Organizational Structures. 4th ed. AHM Publishing Corporation, 1978. Print. Morton, Andrew. Recruitment within Libraries.† Virginia Libraries 48.3 (2003): 9-13. Print. Project Management Institute. Project Management Guide. 3rd ed. Pennsylvania: Newtown Square, 2004. Print.

The Appeals Process Stage of a Criminal Case

The Appeals Process Stage of a Criminal Case Anyone convicted of a crime has the right to appeal that conviction if they believe a legal error has occurred. If you have been convicted of a crime and plan to appeal, you are no longer known as the defendant, you are now the appellant in the case. In criminal cases, an appeal asks a higher court to look at the record of the trial proceedings to determine if a legal error occurred that may have affected the outcome of the trial or the sentence imposed by the judge. Appealing Legal Errors An appeal rarely challenges the decision of the jury, but rather challenges any legal errors that the judge or the prosecution may have made during the trial. Any ruling that the judge made during the preliminary hearing, during pre-trial motions and during the trial itself can be appealed if the appellant believes the ruling was in error. For example, if your lawyer made a pre-trial motion challenging the legality of the search of your car and the judge ruled that the police did not need a search warrant, that ruling can be appealed because it allowed evidence to be seen by the jury that would not have otherwise seen. Notice of Appeal Your attorney will have plenty of time to prepare your formal appeal, but in most states, you have a limited time to announce your intention to appeal your conviction or sentence. In some states, you have only 10 days to decide if there are issues that can be appealed. Your notice of appeal will need to include the exact issue or issues upon which you are basing your appeal. Many appeals have been rejected by higher courts simply because the appellant waited too long to raise the issue. Records and Writs When you appeal your case, the appellate court will receive the record of the criminal trial and all rulings leading up to the trial. Your attorney will file a written brief outlining why you believe your conviction was affected by legal error. The prosecution likewise will file a written brief telling the appellate court why it believes the ruling was legal and appropriate. Usually, after the prosecution files its brief, the appellant can file a follow-up brief in rebuttal. The Next Highest Court Although it does happen, the attorney who handled your criminal trial will probably not handle your appeal. Appeals are usually handled by lawyers who have experience with the appeals process and working with higher courts. Although the appeals process varies from state to state, the process generally starts with the next highest court in the system - state or federal - in which the trial was held. In most cases, this is the state appellate. The party that loses at the appeals court  can apply to the next highest court, usually the state supreme court. If the issues involved in the appeal are constitutional, the case can then be appealed to the federal district appeals court and eventually to the U.S. Supreme Court. Direct Appeals/Automatic Appeals Anyone who is sentenced to death is automatically given a direct appeal. Depending on the state, the appeal may be mandatory or dependent on the defendants choice. Direct appeals always go to the highest court in the state. In federal cases, the direct appeal goes to the federal courts.A panel of judges decides on the outcome of direct appeals. The judges then can either affirm the conviction and sentence, reverse the conviction, or reverse the death sentence.  The losing side can then  petition for a writ of certiorari with the U.S. Supreme Court.   Appeals Rarely Successful Very few criminal trial appeals are successful. Thats why when a criminal appeal is granted, it makes headlines in the media because it is rare. In order for a conviction or a sentence to be overturned, the appeals court not only must find that an error occurred, but also that the error was clear and serious enough to affect the outcome of the trial. A criminal conviction can be appealed on the basis that the strength of the evidence presented a trial did not support the verdict. This type of appeal is significantly more expensive and much more lengthy than a legal error appeal and even more rarely successful.

International interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

International interview - Essay Example He says that with the economic decline and the need for employees with college degrees, he has seen the need to go back to school and finish his studies. He looks forward to completing his BS studies in another three years and hopes to land a job as a manager of a hotel or become a banker. He claims that he actually is not interested in management or in numerical subjects but promising jobs for his course can lead him to succeed financially therefore, he took Management. Andrew Hale is a third year college student majoring in Physics. For him, education is his key to becoming competent and employable in this highly competitive world. Hale says he wants to become a professor in Physics because he wants to share the knowledge that he gained in school and the passion he has for sciences, with the younger generation. Liza Brown on the other hand is in her final year majoring in dentistry. She says that her mother who is also a dentist is the greatest influence in her decision because she has seen how productive her job is. In addition to helping people with their dental needs, she says she will also be able to earn decently because of the increasing demand for

Stem cells and society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Stem cells and society - Essay Example The lost cells and tissues by the repeated chemotherapy and radiations can be easily replaced in cancer patients. It helps in the better understanding of genetic diseases too.  Ã‚  Ã‚   The clinical application of this property has had much interest to the biomedical researchers in the recent years. There had been a number of researches confirming the clinical application of cloning.   Stojanoski et al, (2009, 71-84) has opined that stem cells that are taken from the peripheral blood, bone marrow and umbilical cord can be cloned to treat heametological malignancies. The same study has also revealed the possibility of utilizing stem cell clones in the treatment of non heametological diseases, heart problems, diseases pertaining to the immune system and degenerative disorders (Stojanoski et al, 2009, 71-84). Thus the study confirms the role of cloning in evolving with potential solutions to a number of detrimental diseases. Thus the importance of cloning in relation to its clinical application can be considered of due relevance. Stojanoski et al, (2009, 71-84) has further confirmed this point by citing examples from the successful case studies done at the Hematology Department, Skopje and the Skopje Cardiology clinic. Acute Myocardial infraction has been reported by the study as treated effectively using clones of stem cells from bone marrow Stojanoski et al, (2009, 71-84) The study has urged further research in the area so that it can be developed as a confirmed therapeutic solution.

A comparison of tabloid and broadsheet newspapers Essay Example for Free

A comparison of tabloid and broadsheet newspapers Essay To understand the subject of this essay, I thought it would help to briefly look at the history and background of newspapers, because I believe this gradually influences peoples decisions on buying a paper today. In earlier years, the majority of people buying newspapers were all well educated, middle class intellectuals. As a result of this many papers actually tended to follow the broadsheet format. Most people that bought a newspaper would have full intention of reading from front to back. Most papers had between four and nine pages with a lot of columns and very small print; there were not many pictures and very little graphics. This was generally because of the lack of technology available to the publishers and their printers. As time progressed, so did the technology that went into the newspapers. With this improvement in technology this enables the publishers to focus on more specific readership. In a newspaper you can find that they can now devote sectors of the newspaper to individual interests, at the same time as having more illustrations and advertisements. We investigated how tabloids and broadsheets have appeared to combine these new ideas, but somehow still have different techniques, writing styles and format. We did this by using interviews and surveys to help us gain the results we wanted. To gain further understanding of the type of people that read tabloid and broadsheet newspapers, the pupils in our class carried out a survey. The principle was to find out if there were any links between our research and the class survey, it helped us gain more knowledge on the time that papers are read during the day and what days they are tended to be read on. When the survey was complete we collected the results to find that there was quite an even spread of readers for both the tabloid paper and the broadsheet paper. Another interesting fact was that mainly broadsheets were read on the weekend rather than the working week. I recognize that this must be because of the size and depth of the broadsheet which becomes a immediate fault of the paper has it makes it very hard for somebody going to work on the train or bus to read a large paper such as The Telegraph in such tight compact spaces. Our class also carried interviews with their friends and family to try and find out the reason behind this predilection. In the majority of cases, the time available and the content of the newspaper were concerns. Many people believed that a broadsheet were more detailed and focused on finance and politics, whereas tabloid papers tended to be more light-hearted and entertaining. There were a lot more gossip columnists and many pages devoted to entertainment and celebrities featured in The Sun. As I expected the size of the newspapers were a big matter into deciding which paper someone would buy. According to the interviewees, broadsheets were understandably an inconvenient size if they were to be read on a coffee brake or a journey as they were just too big. Tabloid papers were popular because of the advantage of there size as they can be read at spare moments during the day and contained a television guide. Personally I tend to read newspapers at the weekend and the members of my family generally make the choice of paper, I enjoy reading a tabloid a lot more than I do a broadsheet because broadsheets cover a large quantity of business and finance and I am not interested in these subjects. I enjoy reading The Sun as it contains a lot of sport news and celebrity news. Tabloid papers in my opinion are a lot easier to read as u dont have to take a lot of time reading each article like you do in the broadsheet newspapers. Before we actually started to examine individual articles, we made some general assertions concerning the papers contents. We all noticed that there were a surprisingly large amount of adverts in the broadsheet newspaper, which included a completely covered double-page spread on just adverts. A British Airways advert, covered a page of the Daily Telegraph the size made it eye-catching and very effective to the reader. For further exploration we compared two articles, which at the time were concerning the situation in Saudi Arabia. The first article was featured in The Sun, entitled, Saudi Aid. The second article was found in The Daily Telegraph entitled, Arab states back Bush over Iraq. My immediate observation was the difference and contrast in headlines. The tabloid headline was much shorter than that of the broadsheet, therefore the information given was. Saudi Aid gave the reader a suggestion of the articles content, but did not make any kind of effort to enhance on the subject. On the other hand The Telegraph was more informative and had a much more detailed headline, Arab states back Bush over Iraq. This headline refers to a specific incident which is very straight forward it also includes one of the most well known names in the world, this is a clever way of using someones name involved in the issue to draw in the reader the also tone suggests controversy. The Sun followed its brief headline with a more detailed summary, giving us further amplification on the subject. The Telegraph on the other hand had a sub headline of Way cleared for countdown to war. Again the focus of the piece was narrowed down to ass impact on their first headline. The sub headline included and extremely emotive phrase, Countdown to War. This gives no definite answer to the question most people were asking themselves at the time, it just leaves the possibility that it could happen in the future if the situation deteriorates. The Sun also included a sub headline in its article. Saudis to aid attack on Iraq again this repeats the word aid from the headline but this time expanding on the content of the article. The reporter actually uses rhyme, which increases the articles appeal, because it becomes captivating and memorable. In continuing to study the format of the article, I noticed that the front pages of both pieces were very different. The Telegraphs report was split into four columns, with an enlarged quote dividing the second column. In this article there was clearly more writing, and whilst I could perceive a summary, it was not highlighted in any way, like The Suns report, which had a summary in bold type and a sub heading of Weapons halfway through the first column, such use of a sub headline created drama and tension. The summary uses colloquial language, and emotive writing such as the Saudis fear they will never be safe while Saddam rules. With added patriotism, the summary lures the reader to read on through the article, to reach the main point of the piece. Unlike the broadsheet article, there was a picture featured in the tabloid newspaper. The picture was of Jack Straw and by adding a picture the information in the article is authentic and may entice the reader to look more closely at the piece, and maybe value the reporters opinion more. Another creative effect is The Suns use of italics. By placing a chosen phrase or paragraph in italics, the readers attention is drawn to the chosen area, showing that the specific phrase is important, and so the reader should pay attention to it. The general tone of the suns article is informal throughout the piece. The reporter remains biased and doesnt believe that the possibility of war may be resolved. The piece in The Telegraph takes an objective style and presents both sides of the argument, and continually stating that there is no definite war. The miscellany in reporting styles also includes the use of more formal language with words such as repercussions. I would presume that the readers of a broadsheet newspaper are more middle-class. This is a generalisation but that the fact that there is more business, finance and culture in the broadsheet newspaper. There is one similarity between the articles it is that they both include the national security adviser Conddeezza Rice. Overall the broadsheet newspaper includes more concept language and is rather informal, whilst the tabloid newspaper has short headlines with a catchy theme to it, instead of a more sophisticated and simple headlines brought to us by the broadsheet newspapers.

Symbolism In Ethan Frome Essay -- essays research papers

Symbolism can give additional meaning to a variety of texts. From music to movies to novels, symbolism creates an even deeper meaning than found in a surface reading. The symbolism found within Ethan Frome adds to the inherent meaning of the text to give it an even deeper meaning. Edith Wharton uses the pickle dish, the Oak tree, and the cat as symbols to achieve deeper meaning. The pickle dish is of great significance in the novel. It is used to represent Zeena's virginity. Mattie seamed to know a great deal more about the pickle dish than Ethan did. She had to remind him "It was a wedding present don't you remember? It came all the way from Philadelphia, from Zeena's aunt that married a minister"(70). Ethan never bothered to pay much attention to the pickle dish. When Zeena ...

Oil Dependancy, Oil Shortfall Impact and Economic Development Planning

Question 1: Dependence on Oil & A ; Oil deficit Impact Question 2: Economic Development Planning Question 1 We come across a batch of docudramas on about day-to-day footing, yet some of them are serious plenty to pull our attending towards the upseting province of the Earth. Most significantly, all of these sorts of docudramas are besides supported by comprehensive research and surveies conveying the same massages bespeaking that we worlds are in great problem and we are traveling to see a much different life than of all time before. The docudrama, â€Å"The Crude Awakening- ( The Oil Crash 2007 ) signifies one of the most alarming state of affairss that even powerful economic systems are confronting today, i.e. , how dependance on oil is impacting non merely the oil monetary values but besides the nutrient supply. This essay aims to foreground what’s traveling to go on in transit, nutrient and energy sectors of different metropoliss of the United States when the economic system runs short of inexpensive oil. Oil is a au naturel necessity of the universe and besides for the burning engines ; it’s like a life line. Harmonizing to energy information disposal 2009 estimations, about 84 to 85 million barrels of oil was pumped and consumed every bit good, worldwide. With tantamount ingestion and production rate of oil, is it possible that we keep pumping the fossil fuels without the depletion of resources? Obviously, you can’t carry through the oil demands of the full universe with a individual well. Though there are limitless figure of oil well, some of them are still productive while some are dried out, yet each of them follow a peculiar production bell curve, dwelling of productiveness maximization, stabilising and so consuming to nil with certain figure of old ages. This curve is called Hubbert Curve and presented by Shell geologist named King Hubbert, in 1965 ( Jimenez, 2009 ) . This curve is besides applied to oil production all over the universe, Normally, oil companies concentrate more on large and easy to happen oil Fieldss ab initio and so come to deeper and smaller 1s when the big 1s start consuming. They besides take the aid of newer engineerings in this respect. In a nut shell, harmonizing to a bell curve, the production is supposed to increase, make at extremum and diminution eventually. It is to be noted that point called peak oil is arise before depletion. Take an illustration of decanter filled with java, to understand the construct. Pour cup after cup without any attempt until you see a watercourse of Java. Obviously, you would certainly necessitate to badly lean the decanter to run out the dredges. Your last streamlined cup before the concluding autumn is the peak point. Demand for oil will maintain lifting nevertheless ; oil militias of the planet will consume ( Avent, 2008 ) . What is the scenario after the peak point is raised? Indeed, an oil clang. Harmonizing to U.S. section of the interior geological study the anticipations sing the impacts of worst oil clang involve higher gas monetary values, endangered globalisation, increasing lawlessness and irreparable development of secured boring points. The solution of the job might trust in diminishing our dependance on fossil fuels. Alternate resources of bio fuels and energy seem of import in this scenario. Many critics have labeled oil deficits as something political benefit, in position of universe political relations. Everything is rather clear. Supply is less than the demand as of all time, obliging us to research alternate energy resources and alter energy use patterns. Even if we are able to use the last bead of the oil through latest engineering, increasing spread between supply and demand and higher monetary values would name a demand for a alteration. Current Tendencies of Oil ingestion in United States United States consumer really small part of petroleum oil as most of the oil is refined to be used in crude oil merchandise fabrication like Diesel fuel, jet fuel, gasolene etc. Natural gas processing generates liquid that is besides used the same manner. Renewable resources like biodiesel are used as an option for refined crude oil points. EIA besides takes into history biofuels in ingestion studies. Harmonizing to U.S. agency of economic analysis of current concern 6.89 billion barrels of crude oil merchandises were consumed in United States in 2013, connoting 18.89 million barrels per twenty-four hours, in which biofuels account for 0.32 billion. The Deficits in U.S Petroleum Harmonizing to U.S. agency of economic analysis of current concern Deficits in U.S. crude oil trade have been equal to a big fraction of the instability between U.S. imports and exports. Between 2000 and 2012, the cumulative sum of U.S. trade shortages in rough oil and refined crude oil merchandises amounted to $ 2.87 trillion, 40.5 per centum of the cumulative shortages in all goods and services over the period. And oil ‘s function has increased in importance over the clip: in 2012, for illustration, the trade shortage in oil was equal to 55 per centum of the overall trade shortage in goods and services. Deficit of Oil in United States- The Impact on Transportation Over the last 40 old ages, one of the most hard transit policy inquiries has been the issue of the monetary value of oil and its associated impact on transit systems1. Since the 1950’s the North American economic system and its transit system have become progressively dependent on oil both in footings of its production of goods and services, and their distribution from production centres to market ingestion centres ( Gordon & A ; Robert, 1975 ) . The monetary values of nutrient, consumer goods ( e.g. , electronics, furniture, and apparels ) , and capital goods points like autos and houses are all likely to endure from go oning oil monetary value dazes. Fuel monetary value addition may ensue in a broad scope of impacts depending on merely how much of the addition can be passed on to consumers. In the planetary economic system and both the internal and external transit systems of the United States, significantly higher monetary values will act upon factors like †¢ The planetary economic system care and growing †¢ Marine and inland transportation cost †¢ Modal portion Deficit of Oil in United States- The Impact on nutrient production Harmonizing to Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco nutrient monetary values have gone so high since last few old ages. In U.S. , the nutrient monetary values increased by 5 per centum in 2012, while in 2011, the rising prices rate recorded was the highest in last 36 old ages. Though USDA estimated nutrient monetary values increase in between 2.5 to 3.5 per centum, yet rising prices is traveling to be even higher. The higher monetary values are dismaying as economic system is dead with 0 involvement rates. The major ground could be the short autumn of oil supply. Since gas and oil are besides extremely demanded in agricultural sector, a diminution in oil supply will finally raise monetary values of nutrient in approaching old ages. Harmonizing to Geologist Dale Allen Pfeiffer, population is lifting, hence, there is a demand to cut population growing rate by at least one 3rd in United provinces and two 3rd in the full universe ( Trehan & A ; Bharat, 1997 ) . Deficit of Oil in United States- The Impact on energy production The macroeconomic deductions of a supply shock-induced energy crisis are big, because energy is the resource used to work all other resources. When energy markets fail, an energy deficit develops. Electricity consumers may see deliberately engineered peal blackouts during periods of deficient supply or unexpected power outages, irrespective of the cause. Industrialized states such as United States are dependent on oil, and attempts to curtail the supply of oil would hold an inauspicious consequence on the economic systems of oil manufacturers ( Trehan & A ; Bharat, 1997 ) . Consumers will hold to bear increased monetary values of fuel and those who use electricity for cookery, H2O supply and warming, affects would besides be felt. The current scenarios hence indicated uninterrupted energy crisis and are besides a human-centered crises. MentionsJimenez, R. ( 2009 ) . The Industrial Impact of Oil Price Shocks: Evidence from the Industries of Six OECD Countries.Documentos de Trabajo,No. 0731. 2007 ; N. Velazquez. â€Å"Impact of Rising Energy Costss on Small Business.† Congress of the United States. House of Representatives.Avent, R. ( 2008 ) . A World Less Flat.Guardian, UK. p. 35Energy Information Administration ( EIA ) Survey, p. 133-145, 2012.U.S. Department of the Interior. U.S. Geological Survey, p. 205-239, 2008.U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis of Current Business, April 2013.Gordon, B. , Robert, J. ( 1975 ) . Alternate Responses of Policy to External Supply Shocks.Brookings Documents on Economic Activity, ( No. 1:1975 ) , pp. 183—206.Reserve Bank of San Francisco. ( 2012 ) . Oil Prices, Exchange Rates and the U.S. Economy: An Empirical Probe.Economic Review autumn 2012, pp. 25-33Trehan T. , & A ; Bharat, V. ( 1997 ) . Oil Supply Shocks and The U.S. Economy.Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco,We ekly Letter. P.198-209.Documentary: The Crude Awakening- ( The Oil Crash 2007 ) . ( 2007 ) . Retrieved from YouTube.comQuestion 3 Baltimore’s Harbor Point Project This undertaking is considered as one of the controversial undertakings due to match of grounds. One of the grounds is the environmental effects that are disturbed by the building stuff used in edifices and walls. The component that is involved in the building and set uping the environment is Chromium. This component is extremely unsafe for the living existences as it is one of the causes of malignant neoplastic disease disease. Most of the civil applied scientists recommend utilizing Cr as a building stuff but it is besides a cause of diseases for the human existences. There could be precautional steps adopted by the people to avoid the infection of these chemicals. Apart from the Cr consequence, the other contentions that revolve around the Baltimore’s seaport point undertaking are the location of the country. It is believed that the geographical place of this undertaking is non outstanding because there is an extreme are air force per unit area striking the project’s location that could possible weaken the building. The civil applied scientists have taken the constructive steps for the safety of the Baltimore’s seaport point undertaking. The pros and cons have to be considered so that in the hereafter clip, all possible factors could be handled with great attention and concentration. Tax Increment Financing ( TIF ) is one of the fiscal footings used for roll uping the revenue enhancements from the companies, organisations and on-going undertakings. There was an estimation of the paying of revenue enhancements around one hundred and seven US dollars to the authorities which itself is a immense sum. It is besides said that TIF are traveling to increase their rate of revenue enhancements so that maximal gross could be generated from such undertakings and events ( Dorsey & A ; James, 1981 ) . There are some of the points on which the Tax Increment Financing and seaport point undertaking can non hold or can non be on the same page. On these points, they ever struggles and contradicts and this arise to many confederacies. When it comes to answerability of the revenue enhancements being asked from the profitable undertakings like seaport point undertaking from the authorities side, they ever fail to turn out the exact sum been required. There has to be complete transparence of the fiscal statements and revenue enhancements being received from such undertakings. The crystal clear fiscal statement and hard currency books have to be recorded sing the revenue enhancements being collected by the Tax Increment Financing section. It is truly compulsory for such establishments to do the record of revenue enhancement aggregation for the Harbor Point Project as they are invariably turning and expects a great feedback from all ( Dixon, 1992 ) . Harbor point undertaking will demo that it is traveling to make more chances for the people or it would saturate the sum of occupations. It is fact that more earning grounds have to be tipped out as there is traveling to be building all around the topographic points. The rewards and the wages have to be equal for all labours irrespective of their background and vicinity. There has to biasness in every facet so that the society could impact a perfect gesture to others. It is a common fact that occupation are given to those who belong to the same vicinity of company, this unbalance occupation chance has to be eradicated. All people have to be given occupations on the footing of virtue and endowment and the tendency of unfairness has to be removed ( Dietrich & A ; Skinner, 1979 ) . There are certain entities that are involved in the Baltimore Harbor’s undertaking, for case the investors, employees, authorities employees, man of affairs, the people shacking in the specific country and the elective people. All these people are a portion of the Baltimore’s undertaking and all the safety steps have to be taken into consideration from each and every facet. Proposed solution One of the major jobs is the direction and deliverable of activities sing the Baltimore building. The jobs could be resolved if there is a better direction and perfect determination. All the issues would be possible resolved in the most professional manner. There has to be presence of unfastened broad infinites so that structural makeover could be built in much specific manner. This job is supposed to be corrected on clip so that there could be flawlessness at the terminal of the twenty-four hours. There have to be engaging of professional civil applied scientists who know their duty and acquire the issues solved ( Chesterman, 1978 ) . Mentions Chesterman, C. W. ( 1978 ) . The Field Guide to North American Rocks and Minerals: The Audubon Society, New York, Alfred Knopf, Inc. , p.850. Dietrich, R.V. , & A ; Skinner, B. J. ( 1979 ) . Rocks and Rock Minerals: New York, John Wiley & A ; Sons, p.319. Dixon, D. ( 1992 ) . The Practical Geologist: New York, Simon and Schuster, p.160. Dorsey, J. , & A ; Dilts, J. D. ( 1981 ) . A Guide to Baltimore Architecture: Centreville, Md. , Tidewater Publishers, p. 327.